[{"Soil_order_name":"铁铝土","Soil_order_eng":"Ferralisols","Group_id":"1","Group_code":"A12","Soil_order_code":"A","Group_eng_name":"Lateritic red earths","Group_desc":"赤红壤 南亚热带季雨林，脱硅富铝风化程度仅次于砖红壤，比红壤强，铁的游离度\r\n介于二者之间。粘粒硅铝率1.7一2.0，风化淋溶系数0.05一0.15，具A一Bs一C剖面构型，盐\r\n基饱和度15%一25%,pH4.5-5.5，生长龙眼、荔枝等。","Group_name":"赤红壤"},{"Soil_order_name":"初育土","Soil_order_eng":"Skeletol primitive soils","Group_id":"10","Group_code":"G21","Soil_order_code":"G","Group_eng_name":"Limestone soils","Group_desc":"石灰(岩)土 热带、亚热带石灰岩山区，经溶蚀风化，形成厚薄不同的钙质饱和或含游离钙质的土壤。多见于石隙、溶洞或峰丛底部。碳酸钙淋溶程度不一，多粘土，多\r\n为铁钙质胶结物，风化程度不一，盐基饱和度高，土壤有机质含量及胶结状态有较大差\r\n异。","Group_name":"石灰（岩）土"},{"Soil_order_name":"初育土","Soil_order_eng":"Skeletol primitive soils","Group_id":"11","Group_code":"G22","Soil_order_code":"G","Group_eng_name":"Volcanic soils","Group_desc":"火山灰土 是由火山喷发碎屑物和尘状火山灰堆积物发育而成，剖面发生层分异小，色\r\n泽差异大，母质特征明显。土体由灰黑色及暗褐色等疏松多孔的玻璃质熔岩块叠置成，表层\r\n有机质积累，呈A一C土体构型。火山灰土较深厚，细粉砂和粗粉砂含量高，富含浮岩碎块。孔隙率高达50%一80%，容\r\n重<lgcm-3，表层有机质含量较高，可达lOOg/kg，以上，往下明显降低。土壤pH6一7，盐\r\n基饱和，土壤阳离子交换量>25me/100g。","Group_name":"火山灰土"},{"Soil_order_name":"初育土","Soil_order_eng":"Skeletol primitive soils","Group_id":"12","Group_code":"G23","Soil_order_code":"G","Group_eng_name":"Purplish soils","Group_desc":"紫色土 热带、亚热带紫红色岩层直接风化形成的A一C型土壤。其理化性质与母岩组\r\n成直接相关，土层浅薄，剖面层次发育不明显，仍为初育阶段。由于母岩富含矿质养分，且\r\n风化迅速，不失为良好的肥沃土壤。但其他较干旱地区的此类母岩风化物不具有此肥沃特\r\n性。","Group_name":"紫色土"},{"Soil_order_name":"初育土","Soil_order_eng":"Skeletol primitive soils","Group_id":"13","Group_code":"G26","Soil_order_code":"G","Group_eng_name":"Litho soils","Group_desc":" 石质土 表层岩石裸露，风化层浅薄，一般小于lOcm，风化度低，富含砾石，多碎屑\r\n岩粒，属A一R型土。","Group_name":"石质土"},{"Soil_order_name":"初育土","Soil_order_eng":"Skeletol primitive soils","Group_id":"14","Group_code":"G25","Soil_order_code":"G","Group_eng_name":"Skeletol soils","Group_desc":"粗骨土 属于A一C型，甚至(A)一C型土壤。A层发育不明显，与母质土层性状相\r\n似，略显有机质累积而已。有时母质层富含砾石，甚少剖面分异与发育特征","Group_name":"粗骨土"},{"Soil_order_name":"半水成土","Soil_order_eng":"Dark Semi-hydromorphic soils","Group_id":"15","Group_code":"H22","Soil_order_code":"H","Group_eng_name":"Lime concretion black soils","Group_desc":"砂姜黑土 成土母质为河湖沉积物，经脱沼与长期耕作形成，但早期沼泽草甸特征仍","Group_name":"砂姜黑土"},{"Soil_order_name":"半水成土","Soil_order_eng":"Dark Semi-hydromorphic soils","Group_id":"16","Group_code":"H24","Soil_order_code":"H","Group_eng_name":"Mountain meadow soils","Group_desc":"山地草甸土 见于中山山顶平台的草甸植被下，形成薄层草皮层(As)及其下见锈色\r\n斑纹或络合铁锰胶膜的薄层土壤，为As一A一C一D构型。","Group_name":"山地草甸土"},{"Soil_order_name":"半水成土","Soil_order_eng":"Dark Semi-hydromorphic soils","Group_id":"17","Group_code":"H21","Soil_order_code":"H","Group_eng_name":"Fluvo-aquic soils","Group_desc":"潮土 见于近代河流冲积平原或低平阶地，地下水位浅，潜水参与成土过程，底土氧\r\n化还原作用交替，形成锈色斑纹和小型铁子。长期耕作，表层有机质含量10一15g/kg，剖\r\n面为一A11一A12一Cu或A11一C一Cu构型。","Group_name":"潮土"},{"Soil_order_name":"盐碱土","Soil_order_eng":"Saline soils","Group_id":"18","Group_code":"K12","Soil_order_code":"K","Group_eng_name":"Coastal solonchaks","Group_desc":"滨海盐土 分布于沿海一带，母质为滨海沉积物，全上体含有氯化物为主的可溶盐，呈\r\nAz一Cz，主体构型。滨海盐土的土壤和地下水的盐分组成与海水基本一致，氯盐占绝对优势，\r\n次为硫酸盐和重碳酸盐;盐分中以钠、钾离子为主，钙、镁次之。土壤含盐量20一50g/kg，地下水矿化度10一30g/L，土壤积盐强度随距海由近至远、从南到北而逐渐增强。土壤\r\npH7.5一8.5，长江以北的土壤富含游离碳酸钙。","Group_name":"滨海盐土"},{"Soil_order_name":"盐碱土","Soil_order_eng":"Saline soils","Group_id":"19","Group_code":"K13","Soil_order_code":"K","Group_eng_name":"Acid sulphate soils","Group_desc":"酸性硫酸盐土 热带、南亚热带滨海低平原，海潮可及处，生长红树林。残体归还土壤\r\n大量硫化物在裂隙中累积，可见黄钾铁矾矿[KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6]。经氧化，黄铁矿（FeS2)形\r\n成游离硫，经氧化成硫酸，使土壤呈强酸性，pH可低至2.8。","Group_name":"酸性硫酸盐土"},{"Soil_order_name":"铁铝土","Soil_order_eng":"Ferralisols","Group_id":"2","Group_code":"A13","Soil_order_code":"A","Group_eng_name":"Red earths","Group_desc":"红壤 中亚热带绿阔叶林，中度脱硅富铝风化，粘粒中游离铁占全铁50%一60%，深\r\n厚红色土层，具A一Bs一Bv或A一Bs一C剖面构型。底层可见深厚红、黄、白相间网纹红色\r\n粘土。粘土矿物以高岭石、赤铁矿为主，粘粒硅铝率1.8一2.4，风化淋溶系数<0.2，盐基\r\n饱和度<35%,pH4.5一5.5，生长柑桔、油桐、油茶、茶等","Group_name":"红壤"},{"Soil_order_name":"人为土","Soil_order_eng":"Anthrosols","Group_id":"20","Group_code":"L11","Soil_order_code":"L","Group_eng_name":"Paddy soils","Group_desc":"水稻土 长期季节性淹灌，水下耕翻，季节性脱水，氧化还原交替，使原来成土母质\r\n或母土的特性有重大的改变，形成新的土壤类型。由于干湿交替，形成糊状淹育层(Aa)、较\r\n坚实板结的犁底层(Aｐ)、渗育层(P)、潴育层(W)与潜育层(G)多种发生层分异。这些\r\n不同发生层段是在人为耕作、水浆管理了形成的。","Group_name":"水稻土"},{"Soil_order_name":"淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Luvisols","Group_id":"21","Group_code":"B31","Soil_order_code":"B","Group_eng_name":"Dark-brown earths","Group_desc":"暗棕壤 温带湿润地区针阔叶混交林下发育，具有明显有机质富集和弱酸性淋浴的土\r\n壤，具O一A一B一C剖面构型。A层有机质含量可达20Og/kg。，弱酸性淋溶，铁铝轻微下\r\n移。B层呈棕色，结构面见铁锰胶膜，呈弱酸性反应，盐基饱和度70%一80%。土壤冻结期\r\n长。","Group_name":"暗棕壤"},{"Soil_order_name":"淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Luvisols","Group_id":"22","Group_code":"B41","Soil_order_code":"B","Group_eng_name":"Brown coniferous forest soils","Group_desc":"棕色针叶林土 寒温带针叶纯林下，具有酸性淋浴，弱度发育的土壤，具O一A一AB一\r\nB一C剖面构型。凋落物腐解，富里酸下渗，络合部分铁铝下移，使表层盐基饱和度降低。由\r\n于冻结期更长，冻层阻隔，溶性物质还可随水上移。B层呈棕色，全剖面呈酸性反应，盐基\r\n饱和度50%一70%。","Group_name":"棕色针叶林土"},{"Soil_order_name":"淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Luvisols","Group_id":"23","Group_code":"B32","Soil_order_code":"B","Group_eng_name":"Albic soils","Group_desc":"白浆土 温带湿润地区平缓岗地森林草原下发育的土壤。上轻下粘，多具有\"二层性\"\r\n层次排列，具有明显的白浆化作用。上层土壤周期性滞水，下层顶托，还原铁锰漂洗，部分\r\n侧向位移，移出土体，部分沿裂隙下渗，以铁锰锈斑作胶膜淀积，以微结核残存。形成表层\r\n有机质层，含量50一1OOg/kg，其下为灰黄至灰白色白浆土层(E层)，质地较轻，下部B\r\n层质地粘重，具有明显淀积粘土膜，呈暗棕色。生长林灌或种植旱作。","Group_name":"白浆土"},{"Soil_order_name":"半淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Semi-Luvisols","Group_id":"24","Group_code":"C32","Soil_order_code":"C","Group_eng_name":"Black soils","Group_desc":"黑土 温带半湿润草甸草原下，具深厚均腐殖质层的元石灰性黑色土壤，具A一Abh一\r\nBhC一C剖面构型。均腐殖质层厚30一6Ocm，有机质含量一般30一6Ogkg-1，。底层具轻度滞水\r\n还原淋溶特征，见硅粉，盐基饱和度在80%以上，pH6.5一7.0。","Group_name":"黑土"},{"Soil_order_name":"钙层土","Soil_order_eng":"Caliche Soils","Group_id":"25","Group_code":"D11","Soil_order_code":"D","Group_eng_name":"Chernozems","Group_desc":"黑钙土 温带半湿润草甸草原下形成具深厚均腐殖质层和碳酸钙淋溶淀积层的土壤。\r\n腐殖质层厚5Ocm左有，有机质含量50一80Kg。其下，钙积层明显。表层pH7.0，逐渐往\r\n下pH达8一8.5。冬季冻层达1.3一1.5m。","Group_name":"黑钙土"},{"Soil_order_name":"钙层土","Soil_order_eng":"Caliche Soils","Group_id":"26","Group_code":"D21","Soil_order_code":"D","Group_eng_name":"Castanozems","Group_desc":"栗钙土 温带半干旱草原下，形成的具有栗色腐植质层和灰白色钙积层的土壤。表层栗\r\n色腐殖质层，厚20一3Ocm，有机质含量15一45g/kg。愈趋半干旱，有机质层愈薄，含量亦\r\n减。其下，灰白色积钙层发育明显，积钙层见于20一3Ocm深处，厚达20-4Ocm，呈斑点状\r\n或层状积钙。石膏及易溶盐局部聚积。","Group_name":"栗钙土"},{"Soil_order_name":"初育土","Soil_order_eng":"Skeletol primitive soils","Group_id":"27","Group_code":"G15","Soil_order_code":"G","Group_eng_name":"Aeolian soils","Group_desc":"风沙土 半干旱、干旱漠境地区及滨海地区，风沙移动堆积形成的多种形态的风沙沉\r\n积，由于成土时间短暂，无剖面发育，属C型，(A)一C型及A一C型土，反映了风沙流\r\n动堆积与固定的不同阶段。","Group_name":"风沙土"},{"Soil_order_name":"半水成土","Soil_order_eng":"Dark Semi-hydromorphic soils","Group_id":"28","Group_code":"H11","Soil_order_code":"H","Group_eng_name":"Meadow soils","Group_desc":"草甸土 所处地下水位较浅，潜水参与土壤形成过程，具有明显腐殖质累积，地下水\r\n升降与浸润作用，形成具有锈色斑纹的土壤。具有A一Ca或A一C一Cu构型。","Group_name":"草甸土"},{"Soil_order_name":"水成土","Soil_order_eng":"Hydromorphic soils","Group_id":"29","Group_code":"J11","Soil_order_code":"J","Group_eng_name":"Bog soils","Group_desc":"沼泽土 所处地势低洼，长期地表积水，喜湿植被生长。有机质累积明显及还原作用强\r\n烈，形成潜育层，为H一G构型。地表有机质累积明显，甚至见泥炭或腐泥层。","Group_name":"沼泽土"},{"Soil_order_name":"铁铝土","Soil_order_eng":"Ferralisols","Group_id":"3","Group_code":"A21","Soil_order_code":"A","Group_eng_name":"Yellow earths","Group_desc":"黄壤 亚热带湿润条件，多见于700一12OOm的山区，具O一A一AB一B一C剖面构型。\r\n富含水合氧化物(针铁矿)，呈黄色，中度富铝风化，有时多含三水铝石。土壤有机质累积\r\n较高，可达1OOg/kg,pH4.5一5.5。多为林地，间亦耕种。","Group_name":"黄壤"},{"Soil_order_name":"水成土","Soil_order_eng":"Hydromorphic soils","Group_id":"30","Group_code":"J21","Soil_order_code":"J","Group_eng_name":"Peat soils","Group_desc":"泥炭土 具有厚度大于5Ocm的泥炭层，其下为潜育层的土壤。具H一G构型。泥炭层分\r\n解程度不一，尚可见腐泥层及多种有机质累积。","Group_name":"泥炭土"},{"Soil_order_name":"盐碱土","Soil_order_eng":"Saline soils","Group_id":"32","Group_code":"K20","Soil_order_code":"K","Group_eng_name":"Solonetzs","Group_desc":"碱土 土壤吸收性复合体中，交换性钠离子达20%以上，属碱土，pH9一10。由于土壤\r\n粘粒下移累积，土壤物理性变劣，坚实板结。表层质地变轻，且见蜂窝状孔隙","Group_name":"碱土"},{"Soil_order_name":"铁铝土","Soil_order_eng":"Ferralisols","Group_id":"33","Group_code":"A11","Soil_order_code":"A","Group_eng_name":"Humid-thermo ferralitic","Group_desc":"砖红壤 热带雨林季雨林下，遭强烈脱硅富铝风化的土壤，氧化硅大量迁出，游离铁\r\n与全铁的80%，粘粒硅铝率二1.6，风化淋溶系数之0,05，盐基饱和度二15%，粘粒矿物以\r\n高岭石、赤铁矿与三水铝矿为主，pH4.5一5.5，具有深厚的红色风化壳。具A一Bs一Bv一C\r\n剖面构型，生长橡胶及多种热带作物。","Group_name":"砖红壤"},{"Soil_order_name":"半淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Semi-Luvisols","Group_id":"34","Group_code":"C11","Soil_order_code":"C","Group_eng_name":"Torrid red soils","Group_desc":"燥红土 热带、亚热带干旱河谷与雨影区稀树草原下形成盐基饱和的红色土壤，具有\r\nA一B一C(D)剖面构型。复盐基明显，交换性钙、镁占阳离子交换量的80%以上，pH6-7\r\n有时达7.5。","Group_name":"燥红土"},{"Soil_order_name":"初育土","Soil_order_eng":"Skeletol primitive soils","Group_id":"35","Group_code":"G24","Soil_order_code":"G","Group_eng_name":"Phospho-calcic soils","Group_desc":"磷质石灰土 热带珊瑚礁岛，海鸟粪堆积与珊瑚礁风化物形成富含磷质的土壤。","Group_name":"磷质石灰土"},{"Soil_order_name":"半淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Semi-Luvisols","Group_id":"36","Group_code":"C33","Soil_order_code":"C","Group_eng_name":"Grey forest soils","Group_desc":"灰色森林土 温带森林草原地区森林植被下发育的具深厚腐殖质层的土壤。腐殖质层\r\n厚达5Ocm，有机质含量20一3Ogkg-1。弱度淋溶，剖面下部结构面见硅粉。具O一A一AB或\r\n(B)一BC一C剖面构型，冻土层厚1.5m","Group_name":"灰色森林土"},{"Soil_order_name":"钙层土","Soil_order_eng":"Caliche Soils","Group_id":"37","Group_code":"D31","Soil_order_code":"D","Group_eng_name":"Castano-cinnamon soils","Group_desc":"栗褐土 暖温带半干旱草原及灌木下形成的弱粘化弱淋溶土壤。通体石灰反应，碳酸钙\r\n含量70一80g/kg，具有弱度石灰淋溶，弱度粘化特征。较栗钙土无明显灰白色钙积层;较\r\n黑垆土无深厚的腐殖质层","Group_name":"栗褐土"},{"Soil_order_name":"干旱土","Soil_order_eng":"Arid soils","Group_id":"38","Group_code":"E11","Soil_order_code":"E","Group_eng_name":"Brown pedocals","Group_desc":"棕钙土 温带干旱草原向荒漠过渡,具浅棕色薄腐殖质层,灰白色钙积层的土壤,地表多砾石,\r\n见黑色地衣,具有多角形裂隙,石膏聚积,积钙层接近地表.\r\n深厚(lm或更深)的土壤。原位粘化，但无明显粘化层，具假菌丝状石灰累积。无盐化，多\r\n旱耕。","Group_name":"棕钙土"},{"Soil_order_name":"干旱土","Soil_order_eng":"Arid soils","Group_id":"39","Group_code":"E21","Soil_order_code":"E","Group_eng_name":"Sierozems","Group_desc":"灰钙土 暖温带干旱草原区低腐殖质、具弱淋溶特征的土壤。母质多为黄土，少数为\r\n冲积扇洪积物发育。植被覆盖率10%一40%。仅夏季土壤发生淋溶，易溶盐、碳酸钙、石膏弱度淋移，分层累积于15一3Ocm处。碳酸钙含量可达120一250g/kg。石膏聚积层含\r\n量可达25g/kg尚可在底部见易溶盐累积，含量可达lOg/kg。pH8.5一9，表层初显结\r\n皮。","Group_name":"灰钙土"},{"Soil_order_name":"淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Luvisols","Group_id":"4","Group_code":"B11","Soil_order_code":"B","Group_eng_name":"Yellow-brown earths","Group_desc":"黄棕壤 北亚热带暖湿落叶阔叶林，弱度富铝风化，粘化特征明显，呈黄棕色粘土，具\r\nA一B一C或A一(B)一C剖面构型。B层粘聚现象明显，硅铝率2.5左右，铁的游离度较红\r\n壤低，交换性酸B层大于A层，pH5.5一6.0。多由砂页岩及花岗岩风化物发育而成。\r\n  黄棕壤 北亚热带暖湿落叶阔叶林，弱度富铝风化，粘化特征明显，呈黄棕色粘土，具\r\nA一B一C或A一(B)一C剖面构型。B层粘聚现象明显，硅铝率2.5左右，铁的游离度较红\r\n壤低，交换性酸B层大于A层，pH5.5一6.0。多由砂页岩及花岗岩风化物发育而成","Group_name":"黄棕壤"},{"Soil_order_name":"初育土","Soil_order_eng":"Skeletol primitive soils","Group_id":"40","Group_code":"G11","Soil_order_code":"G","Group_eng_name":"Cultivated loessial soils","Group_desc":"黄绵土 由黄土母质直接耕翻形成的初育土。由于土壤侵蚀严重，表层耕层长期遭侵\r\n蚀，只得加深耕作黄土母质层，因而母质特性明显，无明显发育，为A-C型土。由于风成\r\n黄土富含细粉粒，质地、结构均一，疏松绵软，富含石灰，磷钾储量较丰，但有效性差.土\r\n壤有机质缺乏，含量仅5g/kg。速效磷含量3一5mg/kg。","Group_name":"黄绵土"},{"Soil_order_name":"盐碱土","Soil_order_eng":"Saline soils","Group_id":"41","Group_code":"K11","Soil_order_code":"K","Group_eng_name":"Meadow solonchaks","Group_desc":"草甸盐土 半湿润至年干旱地区，高矿化地下水经毛细管作用上升地表，盐分累积达\r\n大于6g/kg以上时，属盐土范畴。具Az一C构型。其易溶盐组成中所含的氯化物与硫酸盐比\r\n例有差异。","Group_name":"草甸盐土"},{"Soil_order_name":"人为土","Soil_order_eng":"Anthrosols","Group_id":"42","Group_code":"L21","Soil_order_code":"L","Group_eng_name":"Cumulated irrigated soils","Group_desc":"灌淤土 长期引用高泥砂含量灌溉水淤灌，在落淤后，即行耕翻，逐渐加厚土层达5Ocm\r\n以上，从根本上改变了原来土壤的层次，包括表土及其他土层，均作为埋藏层，因而形成\r\n土体深厚，色泽、质地均一，土壤水分物理性状良好的土壤类型。","Group_name":"灌淤土"},{"Soil_order_name":"高山土","Soil_order_eng":"Alpine soil","Group_id":"43","Group_code":"M11","Group_old_name":"高山草甸土","Soil_order_code":"M","Group_eng_name":"Felty soils","Group_desc":"草毡土(高山草甸土)  高寒区(青藏高原)平缓高原面上，具强度生草腐殖质积累\r\n与弱度氧化还原特征的高山土壤。系土壤寒冻与篙草根累积，弱度分解，具草毡状。主体滞\r\n水，冻融交替，弱度氧化还原交互进行，造成氧化铁微弱游离。","Group_name":"草毡土"},{"Soil_order_name":"半淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Semi-Luvisols","Group_id":"44","Group_code":"C31","Soil_order_code":"C","Group_eng_name":"Grey-cinnamon soils","Group_desc":"灰褐土 温带干旱、半干旱山地，云冷杉下，腐殖质累积与积钙作用明显的土壤。A0层\r\n有机质可达1OOg/kg，下见暗色腐殖层，有弱粘淀特征，见棕褐色土层，钙积层在40一6Ocm\r\n以下出现，铁、铝氧化物无移动，pH7一8。","Group_name":"灰褐土"},{"Soil_order_name":"钙层土","Soil_order_eng":"Caliche Soils","Group_id":"45","Group_code":"D32","Soil_order_code":"D","Group_eng_name":"Dark loessial soils","Group_desc":"黑垆土 黑垆土是黄土塘面上，由黄土发育具低有机质含量lOg/kg，，但腐殖质层却很\r\n深厚(lm或更深)的土壤。原位粘化，但无明显粘化层，具假菌丝状石灰累积。无盐化，多\r\n旱耕。","Group_name":"黑垆土"},{"Soil_order_name":"漠土","Soil_order_eng":"Desert soils","Group_id":"46","Group_code":"F11","Soil_order_code":"F","Group_eng_name":"Gray desery soils","Group_desc":"灰漠土 曾称荒漠灰钙土。漠境地区初显石灰表聚及易溶盐与石膏分层累积的土壤。地\r\n表有明显结皮层，下为淡棕色片状土层，含砾石。石灰表聚外，尚可见深层积钙，pH大于\r\n8.0，表层有机质累积弱且层薄，含量仅6一15g/kg。","Group_name":"灰漠土"},{"Soil_order_name":"漠土","Soil_order_eng":"Desert soils","Group_id":"47","Group_code":"F12","Soil_order_code":"F","Group_eng_name":"Gray-brown desrt soils","Group_desc":"灰棕漠土 温带极端干旱境砾质化明显的土壤。地表见砾幂及褐色结皮，亦见干面包状\r\n结皮，石灰表聚，下见纤维状石膏聚积，亦见铁质粘化现象。有机质含量少于5g/kg，且土\r\n层甚薄。铁铝结合的胡敏酸，多于钙结合者;而铁铝结合的富啡酸少于钙结合者是本土类特\r\n征。","Group_name":"灰棕漠土"},{"Soil_order_name":"漠土","Soil_order_eng":"Desert soils","Group_id":"48","Group_code":"F21","Soil_order_code":"F","Group_eng_name":"Brown desert soils","Group_desc":"棕漠土 暖温带极端干旱条件下，具有明显盐盘的漠土，常与砾质戈壁共存。植被率极\r\n低，且矮小。土壤石灰、石膏、易溶盐分层聚积地表，见孔状结皮、砾幂、黑结皮，多砾石，\r\n结皮层下见红棕或玫瑰色铁染色层。下为石膏，再下为盐盘层。整个土层不足5Ocm，结皮层\r\n以下碳酸钙含量60一11Og/kg，石膏含量300一550g/kg，盐盘层含盐量可达300一600\r\ng/kg，盐盘层的存在是棕漠土的重要特征。","Group_name":"棕漠土"},{"Soil_order_name":"初育土","Soil_order_eng":"Skeletol primitive soils","Group_id":"49","Group_code":"G14","Soil_order_code":"G","Group_eng_name":"Takyr","Group_desc":"龟裂土 干旱漠境地区大型沙丘链间，较开阔平坦地段，质地粘重，表层为不规则龟\r\n裂结皮，其下具有碱化或似碱化特征的土壤。","Group_name":"龟裂土"},{"Soil_order_name":"淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Luvisols","Group_id":"5","Group_code":"B12","Soil_order_code":"B","Group_eng_name":"Yellow-cinnamon soils","Group_desc":"黄褐土 地处北亚热带由较细粒的黄土状母质发育而成，多组成丘岗。土体中游离碳酸\r\n钙已不复存在，土色灰黄棕，具A一B一C或A一Bt一C剖面构型。在底部可散见圆形石灰结\r\n核。粘化淀积明显，B层粘聚，有时呈粘盘。粘粒硅铝率3.0左石，pH表层6一6.8，底层7.5，\r\n盐基饱和度由表层向底层逐渐趋向饱和。","Group_name":"黄褐土"},{"Soil_order_name":"半水成土","Soil_order_eng":"Dark Semi-hydromorphic soils","Group_id":"50","Group_code":"H23","Soil_order_code":"H","Group_eng_name":"Shruby meadow soils","Group_desc":"林灌草甸土 在漠境河谷平原沿河一带的胡杨林下发育的土壤。具有A0-AC一C构\r\n型。有机质累积明显，在氧化还原交替作用下形成铁锈斑纹与积盐，且含有苏打成分，\r\npH7.8一8.8。","Group_name":"林灌草甸土"},{"Soil_order_name":"盐碱土","Soil_order_eng":"Saline soils","Group_id":"51","Group_code":"K14","Soil_order_code":"K","Group_eng_name":"Desert solonchaks","Group_desc":"漠境盐土 荒漠地区，土壤水分遭受强烈蒸发，盐分表聚，甚少淋洗，大量盐分累积\r\n可形成盐壳与盐盘，含盐量通常在1OOg/kg以上，甚至达50Og/kg以上。也有由于山洪带\r\n来的盐分在谷口外大量累积，还有古积盐土体的残存","Group_name":"漠境盐土"},{"Soil_order_name":"人为土","Soil_order_eng":"Anthrosols","Group_id":"52","Group_code":"L22","Soil_order_code":"L","Group_eng_name":"Irrigated desert soils","Group_desc":"灌漠土 干旱荒漠地区，引用清澈的坎儿井水灌溉，使原来的漠土，经长期耕灌后，从\r\n根本上改变了土壤的水分与养分状态。土壤中原来上升累积盐分也发生向下淋移，石灰与石\r\n膏也有下淋现象\"表土层中有机质累积可达10一3Og/kg，出现耕层(A11)与亚耕层\r\n(A12)。","Group_name":"灌漠土"},{"Soil_order_name":"高山土","Soil_order_eng":"Alpine soil","Group_id":"53","Group_code":"M12","Group_old_name":"亚高山草甸土","Soil_order_code":"M","Group_eng_name":"Dark felty soils","Group_desc":"黑毡土(亚高山草甸土)  青藏高原高寒略较温湿的原面上，篙草与杂生草类的草毡\r\n层初步分解，形成暗色初步腐植化的草根茎盘结层。色泽较暗，有机质含量较高，可达100一\r\n15Og/kg，底土见锈色纹斑。土壤pH6.5一8.0。","Group_name":"黑毡土"},{"Soil_order_name":"高山土","Soil_order_eng":"Alpine soil","Group_id":"54","Group_code":"M21","Group_old_name":"高山草原土","Soil_order_code":"M","Group_eng_name":"Frigid calcic soils","Group_desc":"寒钙土(高山草原土)  青藏高原高寒半干旱区，弱度腐殖质累积、底层积钙的土壤。\r\n有机质层厚15cm，含量10一30g/kg，。碳酸钙含量50一120g/kg，，上部低，下部高，土壤\r\npH7.5一8.5。","Group_name":"寒钙土"},{"Soil_order_name":"高山土","Soil_order_eng":"Alpine soil","Group_id":"55","Group_code":"M22","Group_old_name":"亚高山草原土","Soil_order_code":"M","Group_eng_name":"Cold calcic soils","Group_desc":"冷钙土(亚高山草原土)  青藏高原高寒半干旱原面上，土壤具弱腐殖质累积与钙积\r\n特征，有机质含量15一30g/kg。碳酸钙含量50一200g/kg，呈斑点状或脉络状，且含少量\r\n易溶盐与石膏，土壤pH7.5一8.5。","Group_name":"冷钙土"},{"Soil_order_name":"高山土","Soil_order_eng":"Alpine soil","Group_id":"56","Group_code":"M31","Group_old_name":"高山漠土","Soil_order_code":"M","Group_eng_name":"Frigid desert soils","Group_desc":"寒漠土(高山漠土)  高原高寒干旱条件下，表层见明显漠土化砾幂及漆皮，多砾石，\r\n易溶盐就地累积，pH7.8一9.0。","Group_name":"寒漠土"},{"Soil_order_name":"淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Luvisol","Group_id":"57","Group_code":"B42","Soil_order_code":"B","Group_eng_name":"Podzolic soils","Group_desc":"灰化土 属于铁铝有机质络合淋溶强烈的土壤。大多见于无冻层的砂质土壤，表层有机\r\n质层及腐殖质层深厚，下移的富啡酸络合淋移铁铝成分，并在B层形成明显腐殖质与铁铝\r\n络合淀积层。","Group_name":"灰化土"},{"Soil_order_name":"盐碱土","Soil_order_eng":"Saline soils","Group_id":"58","Group_code":"K15","Soil_order_code":"K","Group_eng_name":"Frigid plateau solonchaks","Group_desc":"寒原盐土 青藏高寒地区退缩内陆湖盆、河间洼地及温泉附近，大量盐分累积形成高\r\n寒盐土，除一般盐分离子外，尚可见硼酸盐。","Group_name":"寒原盐土"},{"Soil_order_name":"高山土","Soil_order_eng":"Alpine soil","Group_id":"59","Group_code":"M23","Group_old_name":"山地灌丛草原土","Soil_order_code":"M","Group_eng_name":"Cold brown calcic soils","Group_desc":"冷棕钙土(山地灌丛草原土)  青藏高原高寒温凉的半干旱河谷，土壤弱腐殖质累积，\r\n弱度淋溶与积钙。生长灌丛草原，有机质含量10一30g/kg，钙积层位于中下部，厚30一\r\n5Ocm，碳酸钙含量20一6Og/kg，土壤pH7.5一8.5。多耕种，一年一熟。","Group_name":"冷棕钙土"},{"Soil_order_name":"淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Luvisols","Group_id":"6","Group_code":"B21","Soil_order_code":"B","Group_eng_name":"Brown earths","Group_desc":"棕壤 湿润暖温带落叶阔叶林，但大部分已经垦殖，旱作为主。处于硅铝风化阶段，具\r\n有粘化特征的棕色土壤，士体见粘粒淀积，盐基充分淋失，pH6一7，见少量游离铁。多有干\r\n鲜果类生长，山地多森林覆盖","Group_name":"棕壤"},{"Soil_order_name":"高山土","Soil_order_eng":"Alpine soil","Group_id":"60","Group_code":"M32","Group_old_name":"亚高山漠土","Soil_order_code":"M","Group_eng_name":"Cold desert soils","Group_desc":"冷漠土(亚高山漠土)  高原高寒干旱条件下，表层见孔状结皮层，有机质累积弱，含\r\n量lOg/kg左右，亚表土粘粒也略有增加，易溶盐、石膏见于剖面下部，土壤pH8.0一8.5。","Group_name":"冷漠土"},{"Soil_order_name":"高山土","Soil_order_eng":"Alpine soil","Group_id":"61","Group_code":"M41","Group_old_name":"高山寒漠土","Soil_order_code":"M","Group_eng_name":"Frigid frozen soils","Group_desc":"寒冻土(高山寒漠土)  高山冰雪带下缘，寒冻物理风化为主，弱生物累积，土层薄，\r\n含石砾多,仅在岩屑中见少量细土物质堆积,生长稀疏垫状植物及雪莲,土壤pH7.0-8.5,\r\n有的有石灰反应.","Group_name":"寒冻土"},{"Soil_order_name":"半淋溶土","Soil_order_eng":"Semi-Luvisols","Group_id":"7","Group_code":"C21","Soil_order_code":"C","Group_eng_name":"Cinnamon soils","Group_desc":"褐土 暖温带半湿润区，具有粘化与钙质淋移淀积的土壤，具A一B一Bk一C剖面构型。\r\n盐基饱和，处于硅铝风化阶段，有明显粘淀层与假菌丝状钙积层。B层呈棕褐色，pH7一7.5，\r\n盐基饱和达80%以上，有时过饱和。","Group_name":"褐土"},{"Soil_order_name":"初育土","Soil_order_eng":"Skeletol primitive soils","Group_id":"8","Group_code":"G12","Soil_order_code":"G","Group_eng_name":"Red clay soils","Group_desc":"红粘土 深厚黄土层下，常见第三纪红色粘土(保德期红粘土)埋藏，厚层黄土层侵\r\n蚀殆尽处，红土层露出，形成母质性状明显的初育土。其粘粒含量高，塑性强，生物作用微\r\n弱，母质特性明显，pH7一8，有时夹有砂姜。","Group_name":"红粘土"},{"Soil_order_name":"初育土","Soil_order_eng":"Skeletol primitive soils","Group_id":"9","Group_code":"G13","Soil_order_code":"G","Group_eng_name":"Alluvial soils","Group_desc":"新积土 新近冲积、洪积、坡积及塌积或人工堆垫的土壤。成土期短，母质特性明显，\r\n属A一C型或(A)一C型土。","Group_name":"新积土"}]